CO129-297 - Governor Sir Blake - 1900 [1-3] — Page 52

CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案 All AI Reviewed

San Wai

San Uk

L6 Wai

DISTRICT.

3 SUB-DISTRICT.

Wing Ning Wai

Lung Thong

Tải Feng

Loi Tong

Hok San

Tán Chuk Hàng

Mán Uk Pin

Villages.

SHEUNG U. 雙魚 (Continued.)

LUNG YEUK TAU.

MI MI JA Names of Committee.

新圍

Tang Yui-shan

大廳 萊洞

Tang Yung-ping

Tang Tsun-yenng

Tang Fu-in

Taug Lai-n

Tang Tsun-shan

Tang Sik-sheung

Tang Man-wa

Tang Yui-kin

Tang Cafenk-pan

Lo Tsun-kit

Chung Shing-kwai

鄧鏡

鄧蓉

鄧禮瑚

鄧俊

鶴藪 丹竹坑 萬屋溫

羅俊健 鍾成桂

4 SUB-DISTRICT.

SHÜN WAN. 船灣

Villages.

Names of Committee,

船灣

Li Tak-chan

Shin Wán

Wai Ha

Shiu Vân Ô

Sha Lo Tung

Tung San

Hán Tin

Woug I Tân

Ting Kok

Lai Pek Shin

Thi Ai Tak

fi

船灣澳 羅洞

洞梓

咸田

黃魚灘 汀角

Li Chan-kong

Li Tsun-in

Chan Kwong ūn

Cheung Wo-man

Li Ch'on-fai

Ip Ting-fit

Chiur Kam-ti

Cheung Kwai-yAD Iam Kwok-lin

Li Hoi-kat

Phang Sui-in

Û Ü-kong

Lo Sui-ch'enng

HAP WO. 翕和

Names of Committer.

Lung Mi Ts'ün

犂壁山 大美督 龍尾村

Wong Wing-fuk Chan Kwong-lam

5 SUB-DISTRICT,

Villages.

Túi Pô Tsu

大埔頭

Tang U-icung

Tang Chiu-ping

Pán Chung

Tải Pú Ki

Én In

大埔 碗窰

Mak Nung-mau

Ma P'ai-ün

Ma On-ki

臣屛揚延瑚臣常華斌傑楻

李李李陳張李葉詹張林李彭兪羅黃陳

德振俊光和春定錦桂國開瑞汝瑞永光

珍網源遠文輝發泰仁毬吉遠江昌

鄧裕宴 鄧兆平 麥濃茂

Mà Ch'in-án

Wong I Au

Fung Un

Nản Hãng

Ún Tan Ha

In Ngắm

Tis Tit Yang

黃宜四 鳳園

Ch'an Hon-yam

陳翰欽

南坑

Mak Yuk-ting

麥郁廷

圓墩下 燕巖 打鐵岌

Woug Chan-fai

Ho Wing-hung

Puu Sbán Chau

3半山州

黃振輝

何永鴻

6 SUB-DISTRICT.

Villages.

TSÓI HÀNG. * H

Ntumes of Committee.

Tsing Chin Wai

青磚圍

San Wai

Man Chúm-tsin

新圍

Ló Ts'ün

老村

Man Yan-tải

Fui Sha Wai--

Tải Wo

灰沙圍 大窩

Man Im-ts'án

Ti Kam-kwai

Kauhung Háng

彩九龍坑

文湛泉

泰 文豔燦 李錦貴

51

Sheung Shui

DISTRICT.

7 SUB-DISTRICT.

Villages.

Fan Ling

Fan Ling Lau

Só Kun Pó

8 SUB-DISTRICT.

Villages.

9 SUB-DISTRICT. Villagee.

Ho Sheung Heung

Kam Tsin

In Kong

Ping Kong

Tsin Káng

Ping Tsia

Heung Un

DISTRICT.

1 SUB-DISTRICT.

上水

粉粉掃

嶺嶺簪

SHEUNG Ú,雙魚(Continued.)

Liu In-ü

SHEUNG SHUI 上水

Liu Tsung-náin

Liu Süt-ktam

Liu Lin-sz

Lin

Chak-sám

Liu Fai-shang

Liu Ping-mai

Tán Kin-ip

Páng Luu-fai

Names of Committee.

FAN LING. 粉嶺

Names of Committee.

Páng Tin-ts'eung

Páng Fi-ü

My

Phảng Hung ki

Páng Chung-Su

Hau Hing-min

Hao Tin-hang

wwww

河上鄉

金錢 燕岡 丙岡 蕉逕

Hoa Shing Gái

Villages.

平董

Tsung in Ha

Fwww.m

Sháu Kai Wat

Kán Tan Wai

Ping Yeung

Ló Skü Ling

Muk Ú

Sai Kung

DISTRICT.

1 SUB-DISTRICT. Village.

Long K'e

Lan Nai Win

Wong Nai Chau

Pak ján Chung

Tái Long Tsai

Wong Mo Yan

Long Kang

Nám A

Tái Win

Sha Kok Mi

Ngau Lin

窟下圍 嶺

澗頭 平洋 老鼠嶺 木湖

西貢

爛坭灣 黃坭州 北潭 大望仔

-

大灣

-

沙鱼尾

1牛寮

Han Chal-wing

Páng Tsz-in

-

HAU YECK. 侯約

Names of Committee.

LUK YEUK. A

Mán Ying-whi

Man Fuk-shin

Lam Ki-ying

Ho Sung-kwai

Chau Kwok-ün Chan Tak-Wan

Tó Mán-fong

Tó Ts'ap

Ng Ting-hoi

Li Tái-shing

LUK YEUK. 六約

Names of Committec.

-

廖頌

廖乾

麻瘳總廛廖廖廖廖

硯頌雪蓮宬輝平乾

腴南琴士三生妹業

魁祥如基霄

彭天

彭斐

彭洪基

侯慶門 侯殿行

侯成燊

萬萬林

TUNG HOI.東海

SAI KUNG. 西貢

Ling Shin-chung

Tai Yuk-wa

Wong Ping-san

Tsau Shui

Wong Shui

Wong Shing-

Lo Wan

Tang Pik-fu ---

Names of Committee.

Wong Chin-ching

Wai Chin-fai

Tsé Ku-tát

Lau Hang-ün

懷善英桂元芳

英福奇送國特萬維

陳特零

杜萬芳

杜纖

吳廷海

吳李凌黎黃鄒黄羅鄧 王 韋謝劉

海盛忠華秀

廷大善毓内水水盛進碧 朝 展嘉亨

難進

鄧碧富

王朝

韋展輝

謝嘉

Edit History

2026-05-31 16:44:17 · NVIDIA / meta/llama-4-maverick-17b-128e-instruct
Live
View comparison
AI Proofread
San Wai San Uk L6 Wai DISTRICT. 3 SUB-DISTRICT. Wing Ning Wai Lung Thong Tải Feng Loi Tong Hok San Tán Chuk Hàng Mán Uk Pin Villages. SHEUNG U. 雙魚 (Continued.) LUNG YEUK TAU. MI MI JA Names of Committee. 新圍 Tang Yui-shan 大廳 萊洞 Tang Yung-ping Tang Tsun-yenng Tang Fu-in Taug Lai-n Tang Tsun-shan Tang Sik-sheung Tang Man-wa Tang Yui-kin Tang Cafenk-pan Lo Tsun-kit Chung Shing-kwai 鄧鏡 鄧蓉 鄧禮瑚 鄧俊 鶴藪 丹竹坑 萬屋溫 羅俊健 鍾成桂 4 SUB-DISTRICT. SHÜN WAN. 船灣 Villages. Names of Committee, 船灣 Li Tak-chan Shin Wán Wai Ha Shiu Vân Ô Sha Lo Tung Tung San Hán Tin Woug I Tân Ting Kok Lai Pek Shin Thi Ai Tak fi 船灣澳 羅洞 洞梓 咸田 黃魚灘 汀角 Li Chan-kong Li Tsun-in Chan Kwong ūn Cheung Wo-man Li Ch'on-fai Ip Ting-fit Chiur Kam-ti Cheung Kwai-yAD Iam Kwok-lin Li Hoi-kat Phang Sui-in Û Ü-kong Lo Sui-ch'enng HAP WO. 翕和 Names of Committer. Lung Mi Ts'ün 犂壁山 大美督 龍尾村 Wong Wing-fuk Chan Kwong-lam 5 SUB-DISTRICT, Villages. Túi Tsu 大埔頭 Tang U-icung Tang Chiu-ping Pán Chung Tải Ki Én In 大埔 碗窰 Mak Nung-mau Ma P'ai-ün Ma On-ki 臣屛揚延瑚臣常華斌傑楻 李李李陳張李葉詹張林李彭兪羅黃陳 德振俊光和春定錦桂國開瑞汝瑞永光 珍網源遠文輝發泰仁毬吉遠江昌 鄧裕宴 鄧兆平 麥濃茂 Ch'in-án Wong I Au Fung Un Nản Hãng Ún Tan Ha In Ngắm Tis Tit Yang 黃宜四 鳳園 Ch'an Hon-yam 陳翰欽 南坑 Mak Yuk-ting 麥郁廷 圓墩下 燕巖 打鐵岌 Woug Chan-fai Ho Wing-hung Puu Sbán Chau 3半山州 黃振輝 何永鴻 6 SUB-DISTRICT. Villages. TSÓI HÀNG. * H Ntumes of Committee. Tsing Chin Wai 青磚圍 San Wai Man Chúm-tsin 新圍 Ts'ün 老村 Man Yan-tải Fui Sha Wai-- Tải Wo 灰沙圍 大窩 Man Im-ts'án Ti Kam-kwai Kauhung Háng 彩九龍坑 文湛泉 文豔燦 李錦貴 51 Sheung Shui DISTRICT. 7 SUB-DISTRICT. Villages. Fan Ling Fan Ling Lau Kun 8 SUB-DISTRICT. Villages. 9 SUB-DISTRICT. Villagee. Ho Sheung Heung Kam Tsin In Kong Ping Kong Tsin Káng Ping Tsia Heung Un DISTRICT. 1 SUB-DISTRICT. 上水 粉粉掃 嶺嶺簪 SHEUNG Ú,雙魚(Continued.) Liu In-ü SHEUNG SHUI 上水 Liu Tsung-náin Liu Süt-ktam Liu Lin-sz Lin Chak-sám Liu Fai-shang Liu Ping-mai Tán Kin-ip Páng Luu-fai Names of Committee. FAN LING. 粉嶺 Names of Committee. Páng Tin-ts'eung Páng Fi-ü My Phảng Hung ki Páng Chung-Su Hau Hing-min Hao Tin-hang wwww 河上鄉 金錢 燕岡 丙岡 蕉逕 Hoa Shing Gái Villages. 平董 Tsung in Ha Fwww.m Sháu Kai Wat Kán Tan Wai Ping Yeung Skü Ling Muk Ú Sai Kung DISTRICT. 1 SUB-DISTRICT. Village. Long K'e Lan Nai Win Wong Nai Chau Pak ján Chung Tái Long Tsai Wong Mo Yan Long Kang Nám A Tái Win Sha Kok Mi Ngau Lin 窟下圍 澗頭 平洋 老鼠嶺 木湖 西貢 爛坭灣 黃坭州 北潭 大望仔 - 大灣 - 沙鱼尾 1牛寮 Han Chal-wing Páng Tsz-in - HAU YECK. 侯約 Names of Committee. LUK YEUK. A Mán Ying-whi Man Fuk-shin Lam Ki-ying Ho Sung-kwai Chau Kwok-ün Chan Tak-Wan Mán-fong Ts'ap Ng Ting-hoi Li Tái-shing LUK YEUK. 六約 Names of Committec. - 廖頌 廖乾 麻瘳總廛廖廖廖廖 硯頌雪蓮宬輝平乾 腴南琴士三生妹業 魁祥如基霄 彭天 彭斐 彭洪基 侯慶門 侯殿行 侯成燊 萬萬林 TUNG HOI.東海 SAI KUNG. 西貢 Ling Shin-chung Tai Yuk-wa Wong Ping-san Tsau Shui Wong Shui Wong Shing- Lo Wan Tang Pik-fu --- Names of Committee. Wong Chin-ching Wai Chin-fai Tsé Ku-tát Lau Hang-ün 懷善英桂元芳 英福奇送國特萬維 陳特零 杜萬芳 杜纖 吳廷海 吳李凌黎黃鄒黄羅鄧 韋謝劉 海盛忠華秀 廷大善毓内水水盛進碧 展嘉亨 難進 鄧碧富 王朝 韋展輝 謝嘉
Baseline (Original)
San Wai San Uk L6 Wai DISTRICT. 3 SUB-DISTRICT. Wing Ning Wai Lung Thong Tải Feng Loi Tong Hok San Tán Chuk Hàng Mán Uk Pin Villages. SHEUNG U. 雙魚(Continued. ) LUNG YEUK TAU. MI MI JA Names of Committee. 新圍 Tang Yui-shan 大廳 萊洞 Tang Yung-ping Tang Tsun-yenng Tang Fu-in Taug Lai-n Tang Tsun-shan Tang Sik-sheung Tang Man-wa Tang Yui-kin Tang Cafenk-pan Lo Tsun-kit Chung Shing-kwai 鄧鏡 鄧蓉 鄧禮瑚 鄧俊 鶴藪 丹竹坑 萬屋溫 羅俊健 鍾成桂 4 SUB-DISTRICT. SHÜN WAN. 船灣 Villages. Names of Committee, 船灣 Li Tak-chan Shin Wán Wai Ha Shiu Vân Ô Sha Lo Tung Tung San Hán Tin Woug I Tân Ting Kok Lai Pek Shin Thi Ai Tak fi 船灣澳 羅洞 洞梓 咸田 黃魚灘 汀角 Li Chan-kong Li Tsun-in Chan Kwong ūn Cheung Wo-man Li Ch'on-fai Ip Ting-fit Chiur Kam-ti Cheung Kwai-yAD Iam Kwok-lin Li Hoi-kat Phang Sui-in Û Ü-kong Lo Sui-ch'enng HAP WO. 翕和 Names of Committer. Lung Mi Ts'ün 犂壁山 大美督 龍尾村 Wong Wing-fuk Chan Kwong-lam 5 SUB-DISTRICT, Villages. Túi Tsu 大埔頭 Tang U-icung Tang Chiu-ping Pán Chung Tải Ki Én In 大埔 碗窰 Mak Nung-mau Ma P'ai-ün Ma On-ki 臣屛揚延瑚臣常華斌傑楻 李李李陳張李葉詹張林李彭兪羅黃陳 德振俊光和春定錦桂國開瑞汝瑞永光 珍網源遠文輝發泰仁毬吉遠江昌 鄧裕宴 鄧兆平 麥濃茂 Ch'in-án Wong I Au Fung Un Nản Hãng Ún Tan Ha In Ngắm Tis Tit Yang 黃宜四 鳳園 Ch'an Hon-yam 陳翰欽 南坑 Mak Yuk-ting 麥郁廷 圓墩下 燕巖 打鐵岌 Woug Chan-fai Ho Wing-hung Puu Sbán Chau 3半山州 黃振輝 何永鴻 6 SUB-DISTRICT. Villages. TSÓI HÀNG. * H Ntumes of Committee. Tsing Chin Wai 青磚圍 San Wai Man Chúm-tsin 新圍 Ts'ün 老村 Man Yan-tải Fui Sha Wai-- Tải Wo 灰沙圍 大窩 Man Im-ts'án Ti Kam-kwai Kauhung Háng 彩九龍坑 文湛泉 文豔燦 李錦貴 51 Sheung Shui DISTRICT. 7 SUB-DISTRICT. Villages. Fan Ling Fan Ling Lau Kun 8 SUB-DISTRICT. Villages. 9 SUB-DISTRICT. Villagee. Ho Sheung Heung Kam Tsin In Kong Ping Kong Tsin Káng Ping Tsia Heung Un DISTRICT. 1 SUB-DISTRICT. 上水 粉粉掃 嶺嶺簪 SHEUNG Ú,雙魚(Continued.) Liu In-ü SHEUNG SHUI 上水 Liu Tsung-náin Liu Süt-ktam Liu Lin-sz Lin Chak-sám Liu Fai-shang Liu Ping-mai Tán Kin-ip Páng Luu-fai Names of Committee. FAN LING. 粉嶺 Names of Committee. Páng Tin-ts'eung Páng Fi-ü My Phảng Hung ki Páng Chung-Su Hau Hing-min Hao Tin-hang wwww 河上鄉 金錢 燕岡 丙岡 蕉逕 Hoa Shing Gái Villages. 平董 Tsung in Ha Fwww.m Sháu Kai Wat Kán Tan Wai Ping Yeung Skü Ling Muk Ú Sai Kung DISTRICT. 1 SUB-DISTRICT. Village. Long K'e Lan Nai Win Wong Nai Chau Pak ján Chung Tái Long Tsai Wong Mo Yan Long Kang Nám A Tái Win Sha Kok Mi Ngau Lin 窟下圍 澗頭 平洋 老鼠嶺 木湖 西貢 爛坭灣 黃坭州 北潭 大望仔 - 大灣 - 沙鱼尾 1牛寮 Han Chal-wing Páng Tsz-in - HAU YECK. 侯約 Names of Committee. LUK YEUK. A Mán Ying-whi Man Fuk-shin Lam Ki-ying Ho Sung-kwai Chau Kwok-ün Chan Tak-Wan Mán-fong Ts'ap Ng Ting-hoi Li Tái-shing LUK YEUK. 六約 Names of Committec. - 廖頌 廖乾 麻瘳總廛廖廖廖廖 硯頌雪蓮宬輝平乾 腴南琴士三生妹業 魁祥如基霄 彭天 彭斐 彭洪基 侯慶門 侯殿行 侯成燊 萬萬林 TUNG HOI.東海 SAI KUNG. 西貢 Ling Shin-chung Tai Yuk-wa Wong Ping-san Tsau Shui Wong Shui Wong Shing- Lo Wan Tang Pik-fu --- Names of Committee. Wong Chin-ching Wai Chin-fai Tsé Ku-tát Lau Hang-ün 懷善英桂元芳 英福奇送國特萬維 陳特零 杜萬芳 杜纖 吳廷海 吳李凌黎黃鄒黄羅鄧 韋謝劉 海盛忠華秀 廷大善毓内水水盛進碧 展嘉亨 難進 鄧碧富 王朝 韋展輝 謝嘉
2026-05-31 16:44:17 · Baseline
View content

San Wai

San Uk

L6 Wai

DISTRICT.

3 SUB-DISTRICT.

Wing Ning Wai

Lung Thong

Tải Feng

Loi Tong

Hok San

Tán Chuk Hàng

Mán Uk Pin

Villages.

SHEUNG U. 雙魚(Continued. )

LUNG YEUK TAU. MI MI JA Names of Committee.

新圍

Tang Yui-shan

大廳 萊洞

Tang Yung-ping

Tang Tsun-yenng

Tang Fu-in

Taug Lai-n

Tang Tsun-shan

Tang Sik-sheung

Tang Man-wa

Tang Yui-kin

Tang Cafenk-pan

Lo Tsun-kit

Chung Shing-kwai

鄧鏡

鄧蓉

鄧禮瑚

鄧俊

鶴藪 丹竹坑 萬屋溫

羅俊健 鍾成桂

4 SUB-DISTRICT.

SHÜN WAN. 船灣

Villages.

Names of Committee,

船灣

Li Tak-chan

Shin Wán

Wai Ha

Shiu Vân Ô

Sha Lo Tung

Tung San

Hán Tin

Woug I Tân

Ting Kok

Lai Pek Shin

Thi Ai Tak

fi

船灣澳 羅洞

洞梓

咸田

黃魚灘 汀角

Li Chan-kong

Li Tsun-in

Chan Kwong ūn

Cheung Wo-man

Li Ch'on-fai

Ip Ting-fit

Chiur Kam-ti

Cheung Kwai-yAD Iam Kwok-lin

Li Hoi-kat

Phang Sui-in

Û Ü-kong

Lo Sui-ch'enng

HAP WO. 翕和

Names of Committer.

Lung Mi Ts'ün

犂壁山 大美督 龍尾村

Wong Wing-fuk Chan Kwong-lam

5 SUB-DISTRICT,

Villages.

Túi Pô Tsu

大埔頭

Tang U-icung

Tang Chiu-ping

Pán Chung

Tải Pú Ki

Én In

大埔 碗窰

Mak Nung-mau

Ma P'ai-ün

Ma On-ki

臣屛揚延瑚臣常華斌傑楻

李李李陳張李葉詹張林李彭兪羅黃陳 德振俊光和春定錦桂國開瑞汝瑞永光

珍網源遠文輝發泰仁毬吉遠江昌

鄧裕宴 鄧兆平 麥濃茂

Mà Ch'in-án

Wong I Au

Fung Un

Nản Hãng

Ún Tan Ha

In Ngắm

Tis Tit Yang

黃宜四 鳳園

Ch'an Hon-yam

陳翰欽

南坑

Mak Yuk-ting

麥郁廷

圓墩下 燕巖 打鐵岌

Woug Chan-fai

Ho Wing-hung

Puu Sbán Chau

3半山州

黃振輝

何永鴻

6 SUB-DISTRICT.

Villages.

TSÓI HÀNG. * H

Ntumes of Committee.

Tsing Chin Wai

青磚圍

San Wai

Man Chúm-tsin

新圍

Ló Ts'ün

老村

Man Yan-tải

Fui Sha Wai--

Tải Wo

灰沙圍 大窩

Man Im-ts'án

Ti Kam-kwai

Kauhung Háng

彩九龍坑

文湛泉

泰 文豔燦 李錦貴

51

Sheung Shui

DISTRICT.

7 SUB-DISTRICT.

Villages.

Fan Ling

Fan Ling Lau

Só Kun Pó

8 SUB-DISTRICT.

Villages.

9 SUB-DISTRICT. Villagee.

Ho Sheung Heung

Kam Tsin

In Kong

Ping Kong

Tsin Káng

Ping Tsia

Heung Un

DISTRICT.

1 SUB-DISTRICT.

上水

粉粉掃

嶺嶺簪

SHEUNG Ú,雙魚(Continued.)

Liu In-ü

SHEUNG SHUI 上水

Liu Tsung-náin

Liu Süt-ktam

Liu Lin-sz

Lin

Chak-sám

Liu Fai-shang

Liu Ping-mai

Tán Kin-ip

Páng Luu-fai

Names of Committee.

FAN LING. 粉嶺

Names of Committee.

Páng Tin-ts'eung

Páng Fi-ü

My

Phảng Hung ki

Páng Chung-Su

Hau Hing-min

Hao Tin-hang

wwww

河上鄉

金錢 燕岡 丙岡 蕉逕

Hoa Shing Gái

Villages.

平董

Tsung in Ha

Fwww.m

Sháu Kai Wat

Kán Tan Wai

Ping Yeung

Ló Skü Ling

Muk Ú

Sai Kung

DISTRICT.

1 SUB-DISTRICT. Village.

Long K'e

Lan Nai Win

Wong Nai Chau

Pak ján Chung

Tái Long Tsai

Wong Mo Yan

Long Kang

Nám A

Tái Win

Sha Kok Mi

Ngau Lin

窟下圍 嶺

澗頭 平洋 老鼠嶺 木湖

西貢

爛坭灣 黃坭州 北潭 大望仔

-

大灣

-

沙鱼尾

1牛寮

Han Chal-wing

Páng Tsz-in

-

HAU YECK. 侯約

Names of Committee.

LUK YEUK. A

Mán Ying-whi

Man Fuk-shin

Lam Ki-ying

Ho Sung-kwai

Chau Kwok-ün Chan Tak-Wan

Tó Mán-fong

Tó Ts'ap

Ng Ting-hoi

Li Tái-shing

LUK YEUK. 六約

Names of Committec.

-

廖頌

廖乾

麻瘳總廛廖廖廖廖

硯頌雪蓮宬輝平乾

腴南琴士三生妹業

魁祥如基霄

彭天

彭斐

彭洪基

侯慶門 侯殿行

侯成燊

萬萬林

TUNG HOI.東海

SAI KUNG. 西貢

Ling Shin-chung

Tai Yuk-wa

Wong Ping-san

Tsau Shui

Wong Shui

Wong Shing-

Lo Wan

Tang Pik-fu ---

Names of Committee.

Wong Chin-ching

Wai Chin-fai

Tsé Ku-tát

Lau Hang-ün

懷善英桂元芳

英福奇送國特萬維

陳特零

杜萬芳

杜纖

吳廷海

吳李凌黎黃鄒黄羅鄧 王 韋謝劉

海盛忠華秀

廷大善毓内水水盛進碧 朝 展嘉亨

難進

鄧碧富

王朝

韋展輝

謝嘉

Comments

Approved members can add comments, bookmarks, and private notes.

No comments yet.

Private Research Note

Private notes are available after approval.